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Personal Statement Mba University - 917 Words

Personal statement I take this opportunity to express my interest in joining your institution, Widener University. I hold a bachelor degree in accounting from King Saudi University where I graduated in 2010. Currently I am studying leadership and education for my masters at Concordia University. My GPA stands at 4.00. Education for me never stops and I believe the only time I will stop learning is when my life ends. This is why I am interested in joining your institution; in order to continue with my education, better my grades, and stand in society. Apart from learning, I also love discovering new things, working, and completing. In this front, I have taken part in different disciplines of which I hold certificates and trainings. I participated in organizations and challenges that have earned me a scholarship from the government. I have a certificate in differentiated instruction for diverse student population, which took place in 2014. In addition, I also have a certificate in complete portfolio requ irement for EDS 506, Community learning laboratory; furthermore, I also have other certificates in global education ISO, and distance education. My key research goals in my doctoral program are- guided by the following core objectives; to foster an understanding of theory and its relevance to problem solving , and the expansion of our knowledge base. To contribute towards the improvement of leadership by encouraging the spirit of critical inquiry and analysis throughShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Action Plan For 20171464 Words   |  6 PagesIncluded in my Personal Action Plan for 2017 are several goals that I need to achieve in order to reach my long-term personal objectives. They include, earning a promotion to Vice President, saving $3.5 million for retirement, maintaining my health, and attaining an MBA degree. All four long-term objectives are specific, relevant to me, in line with my life goals, and time-bound. Most importantly, they are attainable, so I can set new goals o nce these are met. Furthermore, I am cognizant of theRead MoreCollege Profile : Nebraska Wesleyan University986 Words   |  4 PagesJoy: School Profile: Nebraska Wesleyan University In 1887, Nebraska Wesleyan University was established as a private university directly affiliated with the United Methodist Church. This higher learning institution, which is conveniently located in the capital Lincoln, is one of the more popular liberal arts schools in the state. Nebraska Wesleyan University offers more than 100 majors, minors and professional programs. The most popular degrees for undergraduates include the B.S. degrees in businessRead MoreMba Statement of Purpose973 Words   |  4 PagesRunning head: PERSONAL STATEMENT TO PURSUE AN MBA Personal Statement to Pursue an MBA My personal statement begins with my American journey. A journey of faith and courage in the face of adversity that has taken me to where I am today. And it remains still a work in progress. And an MBA will surely help accelerate that. I was sixteen years old when my family left the Philippines, my birthplace and migrated to the United States to pursue the American dream that many in theRead MoreThe Mba Decision1525 Words   |  7 PagesThe MBA Decision Getting an MBA is one of these decisions that people at one point thought of as a level of education only few are able to attain. In time that perspective has changed and in recent calculations the number of MBA graduates has increased by 250% (Articlesbase, 2006). In the closing case, we address the questions below to help Ben with his MBA decision. Question 1 How does Ben’s age affect his decision to get an MBA? Time plays a huge factor in Ben’s decision to get his MBA and toRead MorePersonal Statement : The Sports Marketing Field795 Words   |  4 Pagesenrolled in the Master of Business Administration (MBA) program at Arkansas State University. 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I want to earn the MBA so I can - Have better career prospects - Earn more money - Secure my career - Finish what I wanted to accomplish 20 years ago, to serve my country, - Align my skills with the appropriateRead MoreAn Mba Program Through Application And Insight Of The Disciplines Taught Throughout The Program2206 Words   |  9 Pagesthat sink in a moment – MBA degree, let that sink in another moment. Many organizations actively recruit for qualified personnel with MBAs. Why is an MBA degree sought after? Some insight can be provided by Susan Miller (2011), author of The Essential MBA, â€Å"Few Masters degrees require a learner to have such a wide-ranging command of so many, often fairly disparate areas of enquiry† (p. 1). Another way to interpret the quote from Ms. Miller’s book is that obtaining an MBA degree is challenging andRead MoreEthics Reflection Paper1087 Words   |  5 Pageswhen planning one’s personal life or planning for the success of a business. 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Research in Nursing for Heart Failure Disease- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theResearch in Nursing for Heart Failure Disease Management. Answer: Annotated Bibliography Gorthi, J., Huntera, C. B., Mooss , A. N., Alla, V. M., Hilleman, D. E. (2014). Reducing heart failure hospital readmissions: A systematic review of disease management programs. Cardiology Research, 5, 126-138. Gorthi et al. (2014) conducted a systematic review analysis of various researches that use different heart failure (HF) disease management programs (DMPs) to minimize hospital readmission of people suffering heart failure. The study aim was to evaluate available researches conducted to determine the efficiency of DMPs in controlling hospital readmission of people with chronic HF. The review data involved on-line authentic research studies randomly collected from reliable resources like PubMed, Cochrane library and EBSCOHost from the year 1975 to 2014. The research studies analyzing DMPs on more than 50 patients were included in review analysis. The efficiency was analyzed on the basis of hospital readmission or mortality outcomes. The DMPs analyzed in the review were outpatient clinic care, home visits, telemonitoring (invasive and non-invasive) and structured telephonic support. As per findings, telemanagement DMP showed potential to reach a wide range of patients at one time in cos t effective manner as well as structured telephone support DMP showed a control in HF hospital readmission. The home visits and outpatient clinic care were limited in terms of accessibility and cost to control hospital readmission. Thus, the review findings provide inconsistent results and cannot be considered potentially effective to interpret the effect of HF DMPs. Rees, K., Dyakova, M., Wilson, N., Ward, K., Thorogood, M., Brunner, E. (2013). Dietary advice for reducing cardiovascular risk. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(12), 1-113. Ress et al. (2013) provided a review of various interventions that provide information on dietary advice to manage cardiovascular diseases and conditions. The study aims to provide effective dietary advice that can help to improve cardiovascular risk profile among adults 18 or above dwelling in the community. There were less than 25% participants diagnosed with cardiovascular disease. Only 10% participants were allowed to use pharmaceuticals as per essentiality. The participants included children, pregnant women and weight reducing people. The review method involved randomly controlled trails involving group or individual level studies on dietary intake and follow up of minimum three months to four years. The dietary interventions involved only advice related to diet like minimizing fat intakes, food modifications, vegetable and fruit intake etc. The outcome methods were biomarkers, cardiovascular risk factors and self-report by participants. The study findings indicated a remarkable change in cholesterol levels, triglyceride levels, blood pressure, urinary sodium excretion indicating the positive response of dietary advice provided in review studies. The self-report by participants indicated increase in fiber intake, development of healthy eating habits and increase in energy levels. Lastly, this review study provided lot information on the impact of changing dietary intake on cardiovascular risk. The results obtained are highlighting a positive change minimizing cardiovascular risk along with the change in cholesterol and blood pressure risk of the participants. Stromberg, A., Martensson, J., Fridlund, B., Levin, L-A., Karlsson, J-E., Dahlstrom, U. (2003). Nurse-led heart failure clinics improve survival and self-care behaviour in patients with heart failure: Results from a prospective, randomised trial. European Heart Journal, 24, 1014-1023. Stromberg et al. (2003) provide a study on clinical survival and self-care behaviour practices provided by nurses led to heart failure clinic. The study aim is to analyse the impact of nurse-led heart failure clinic on the self-care behaviour, mortality and morbidity of patients admitted to hospital due to heart failure. The research method involved 106 participants who were admitted to clinic affected by heart failure or having symptoms or risk of heart diseases. The follow-up from these patients was collected in visits performed after 2-3 weeks of discharge up to 12 months. Most educated and experienced nurses were provided responsibility to manage medication protocols, educate patients and provide treatment in follow-up visits. The research data was compared to control group data where participants getting usual care were the control group. The research findings indicated a positive impact of nurse-led care interventions on target population because the hospital admission due to d eath or chronic heart failure condition were very few among target participants when compared to control group getting usual interventions. There is 55% decrease detected after 12 months of implementing the intervention indicates a positive impact of self-care education and nurse-led clinic interventions. Further, study group even had higher self-care score of 3 compared to control group. Therefore, the study concludes that nurse-led heart failure clinical interventions can help to minimise the impact of risk developed after heart failure as well as help patient to develop a self-care attitude. Justification for selecting these references Gorthi et al. (2014) review on different researches conducted to analyze the impact of different Heart failure (HF) disease management programs (DMPs) can be considered as a reliable source of information because the database is collected from most authentic websites providing reliable information. This information about hospital readmission DMPs can be used to manage the condition of Charlie because he is confronting hospital readmission as an outcome of chronic heart failure he had 2 years before. Heidenreich et al. (2013) indicated that nursing interventions in managing the chronic condition like heart failure, stroke, kidney disease, infection etc. play a very important role to minimize the ruthlessness of that condition. This review study can be considered as a reliable resource in terms of quality because study data is collected from most reliable online websites. Secondly, the methodology, sample researches and analysis tools are crucially analysed to gather best possible outcomes. The review findings include the use of proper statistics that provided most authentic outcomes. The review clearly mentions that the outcome obtained about studied DMPs are not sufficient to determine the efficiency of HF disease management program proves its reliability. In the review different DMPs working on wide range of population are compared to analyze the effect on hospital readmission after heart failure incidence. Out of these DMPs, telemonitoring and structured telephone support are considered as effective DMPs to control hospital readmission. These DMPs can be used as a part of the nursing care plan to manage Charlie condition in provided case. According to Yancy et al. (2013) studies diet is an important factor for chronic heart disease because diet helps to manage body cholesterol, triglyceride and fatty acids, which minimizes the risk of cardiovascular arrest or attack. This review study provided by Ress et al. (2013) is a best-suited example to study the impact of dietary advice in chronic heart risk because 44 trials were reviewed in this study with both individuals and groups as participants of the study. There were many interventions on dietary management provided by professionals or dieticians. The study involves analysis the impact each and every dietary intervention on the health of participants. The variation in dietary intervention intensity is helpful to get best health results because the impact of dietary intervention changes from person to person having different body type (Aiken et al. 2014). Therefore, best intervention is detected by such study because the intervention providing maximum positive response can be considered as universally suitable for all body types (Stewart et al. 2012). This review study provides this information about best suitable dietary intervention to control chronic heart disease risk. The study quality is refined, specific and reliable information sufficient for provided case analysis. The study involves statistical analysis to get authentic and measurable results understanding the impact of dietary change on cardiovascular risk. The study involves each and every possible detail sufficient enough to implement it as a beneficial reference resource in the study. This review analysis on dietary intake shall help to manage the overweight condition of Charlie in provided case scenario. According to Drewes et al. (2012) studies weight issues in old age people is a tough task to handle along with other health risk conditions. This review is a very detailed account of different dietary interventions and their impact on health. Therefore, this review will work as a beneficial resource to manage the health condition of Charlie to develop best nursing interventions related to weight management issues developing chronic heart failure risk. The nurse-led heart failure clinics improve survival and self-care behaviour development study provided by Stromberg et al. (2003), is a proper scientific research based on evidence to study the impact of nursing care on patient outcome. The study is effective and accurate in terms of participating population, calculation tools and statistical analysis providing strength and authenticity to findings. The quality of data is impactful containing every bit of detail about research performed in the study. However, the only limitation is the time duration of research, which is only 12 months. Stamp, Machado Allen (2014) indicated that 12 months is a very small duration to analyze the long-term impact of lifetime condition life heart failure. In contrast, Heidenreich et al. (2013) opine that a comparison between control group and study group provides reliable results even in short duration time of any research. Therefore, this study can be considered as a beneficial resource for developing nursing interventions in provided case scenario. As Charlie in the present case is a 75-year-old man requiring management of his chronic heart failure condition, this research will help the involved nurse to develop best contemporary practices to develop self-care behaviour for Charlie to manage his health condition at home. Recommendations for clinical practice Chronic heart failure and its consequences remain a major health hazard to contemporary people irrespective of significant management, care and treatments the risk still remains high (Feltner et al. 2014). In the provide scenario, 75 years old Mr. Charlie is also facing consequences of his chronic heart failure during his readmission to hospital after 2 years of incidence. This indicates a lack of care interventions for Mr. Charlie after his first chronic heart failure (Aiken et al. 2014). According to Siouta et al. (2016) studies about multidisciplinary care principles for chronic heart failure (CHF) that are used in Australia to provide high-quality nursing care. These principles are the list of specific guidelines and strategies that can benefit patients suffering CHF. Further, Riegel, Jaarsma Strmberg (2012) indicated that nutritional therapy provided by nurses that involves sodium restriction in patient diet can help to control pulmonary congestion. This intervention would help to manage the peripheral oedema of Mr. Charlie. Radhakrishnan, Topaz Creber (2014) studied about controlling heart risk in old age patient where most workable interventions included managing fluid intake, maintaining activity tolerance and establish a powerful connection with the patient. This study would be beneficial to be used in the provided case because Charlie is also an old age male suffering similar chronic condition. References Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Bruyneel, L., Van den Heede, K., Griffiths, P., Busse, R., ... McHugh, M. D. (2014). Nurse staffing and education and hospital mortality in nine European countries: a retrospective observational study.The Lancet,383(9931), 1824-1830. Drewes, H. W., Steuten, L. M., Lemmens, L. C., Baan, C. A., Boshuizen, H. C., Elissen, A. M., ... Vrijhoef, H. J. (2012). The Effectiveness of Chronic Care Management for Heart Failure: Meta?Regression Analyses to Explain the Heterogeneity in Outcomes.Health services research,47(5), 1926-1959. Feltner, C., Jones, C. D., Cen, C. W., Zheng, Z. J., Sueta, C. A., Coker-Schwimmer, E. J., ... Jonas, D. E. (2014). Transitional care interventions to prevent readmissions for persons with heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of internal medicine,160(11), 774-784. Heidenreich, P. A., Albert, N. M., Allen, L. A., Bluemke, D. A., Butler, J., Fonarow, G. C., ... Nichol, G. (2013). Forecasting the impact of heart failure in the United States: a policy statement from the American Heart Association.Circulation: Heart Failure,6(3), 606-619. Radhakrishnan, K., Topaz, M., Creber, R. M. (2014). Adapting heart failure guidelines for nursing care in home health settings: challenges and solutions.The Journal of cardiovascular nursing,29(4), E1. Riegel, B., Jaarsma, T., Strmberg, A. (2012). A middle-range theory of self-care of chronic illness.Advances in Nursing Science,35(3), 194-204. Siouta, N., van Beek, K., Preston, N., Hasselaar, J., Hughes, S., Payne, S., ... Hodiamont, F. (2016). Towards integration of palliative care in patients with chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic literature review of European guidelines and pathways.BMC palliative care,15(1), 18. Stamp, K. D., Machado, M. A., Allen, N. A. (2014). Transitional care programs improve outcomes for heart failure patients: an integrative review.Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing,29(2), 140-154. Stewart, S., Carrington, M. J., Marwick, T. H., Davidson, P. M., Macdonald, P., Horowitz, J. D., ... Scuffham, P. A. (2012). Impact of home versus clinic-based management of chronic heart failure: the WHICH?(Which Heart Failure Intervention Is Most Cost-Effective Consumer Friendly in Reducing Hospital Care) multicenter, randomized trial.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,60(14), 1239-1248. Yancy, C. W., Jessup, M., Bozkurt, B., Butler, J., Casey, D. E., Drazner, M. H., ... Johnson, M. R. (2013). 2013 ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: executive summary: a report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines.Journal of the American College of Cardiology,62(16), 1495-1539.

Security Planning and Assessment Emerging Technologies in Physical Security

Running head: security â€Å" Security Planning and Assessment: Emerging Technologies in Physical Security Customer Inserts His/her NameAdvertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Security Planning and Assessment: Emerging Technologies in Physical Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Customer Inserts Grade Course Customer Inserts Tutor’s Name 8th June 2011 Introduction Physical security involves the security measures undertaken to restrict people’s access to facilities, buildings, or stored information. The essence of the physical security measures is to protect the facilities or sites from human intrusion, catastrophic damage including floods, earthquake, or fire and malfunctioning of the utility due to power loss. A suitable physical security should comprise of four fundamental aspects, which aims at providing defense to a facility or a site (Kendall, 1999, p. 42). It should primarily deter and de lay human intrusion and in case of intrusions, it should be able to detect the intrusion and respond appropriately often by denying access. The technology used in physical security has undergone significant changes to meet the security needs of the current facilities such as webhosting sites and data centers.Advertising Looking for term paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The traditional physical security systems involved identification cards and security guards. , Advanced technologies such as biometric identification that provide positive identification of people entering facilities are however replacing the traditional systems (Branscomb, 1993, p. 115). However, most of these security systems are often costly and may be prone to risk such as security breach by the facility personnel. The security measures should have features that provide security while allowing limited access by the facility personnel . Before investing in the new security measures, it is important to consider the specific security demands of the facility and the cost-effectiveness of implementing such security technologies. Considerations in Physical Security Systems Before implementing a particular security system, facilities consider a variety of factors. The cost of the equipment is fundamental to any physical security design. Often the budget constraints would limit investment in expensive technologies, which offer high confidence. The identification equipments in technologies such as iris and fingerprint recognition are usually expensive and not all facilities can afford them. The most appropriate approach under these circumstances is to employ a wide range of security measures, which offer varied levels of security as per the security requirements of the facility. Another strategy is to combine technologies such as video surveillance and biometric technologies to make the identification more reliable. Comb ining the lower-cost security technologies can be effective.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Security Planning and Assessment: Emerging Technologies in Physical Security specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It involves equipping of the outer perimeters and inner levels of a facility with video surveillance, which have high security needs, with combined technologies such as fingerprint/iris identification and the video surveillance system. Under this strategy, the innermost level has a combined protection technologies from all the outer perimeters making it more secure. Physical security systems should also be user-friendly and acceptable to users. The ease of use of a new security system reduces the user’s frustrations in case of the security measures and lowers the temptations to subvert the security systems. In addition, the security systems should provide reliable identification to reduce subversion. The new security design should also be compatible with the already existing security systems. This reduces loss of information on replacement with new technologies. It also prevents interruption of business ensuring that the replacement of the old security systems does not affect corporate productivity. The security managers should consider the scalability of the new security measures. The new design implementation should be in phases depending on the security needs of the facility, availability of funds and the reliability of the security measures. In addition, assessment is critical for each area that needs protection. The assessment depends on the information or items protected and the personnel who should access the facility. Biometric Technologies Biometric technologies employ automated methods to identify an individual based on his/her biological/physiological and behavioral characteristics. The common biometric modalities integrated in biometric technologies include fingerpri nt recognition, whereby security agents use fingerprint scanners to verify an individual’s identity by searching on a fingerprint database.Advertising Looking for term paper on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Iris recognition is another emerging technology, whereby a picture of an infrared illuminated iris stored in a database helps to identify the individual (Kendall, 1999, p. 45). The other technologies include hand/finger geometry, which measures the hand digits and compares them with the ones stored in biometric database. Gait recognition is also another identification modality. It measures the appearance of a person when walking. The retina recognition identifies the structure of the back of the eye and compares it with existing data in order to identify the person. Facial recognition is another important biometric technology, which employs automated methods to identify faces based on the facial characteristics. Humans have trouble in identifying unfamiliar faces. However, with the new facial recognition technology that uses high-resolution 2D and 3D images, identification of unfamiliar persons is now possible (Ratha, Connell, Bolle, 2001, 614). Other modalities measured by biometr ic technologies include voice recognition, which the physical characteristics of the voice box of an individual influences, dynamic signature, which measures the pressure applied when signing and the keystroke dynamics, which measures an individual’s typing patterns. Facial thermograph technology measures the facial temperature of an individual and compares with the existing data. A biometric security system consists of five main components. The first component is the sensor often located at the entry points to a facility. The sensor functions in a simplified manner by picking patient’s biological account and puts the info digital format. The second component is the algorithm that processes the signal from the sensor and develops a digital template. The third component, the data storage database, stores information used when comparing with new biometric templates. By using the already stored information in the database, a corresponding algorithm equates the new templat e. When the new template has a matching algorithm, the decision process commences and this results into restriction of an individual without a match in the database and access by an authorized person whose data corresponds to database templates. However, before carrying out the biometric techs, it is important to weigh different elements concerning the technology. The location of the facility would determine the security risks of exposure of the facility and warrant the need for a biometric system. The task of the biometric system i.e. identification or verification determines the biometric technology requirement of a facility. The expected number of users and the amount of existing data influences the effectiveness of the biometric implementation process. Biometric technologies, when effectively implemented can offer high-level security to facilities. However, biometric identification technologies often experience two types of failures. The technologies may fail to identify a legit imate user causing frustrations to individuals. In addition, the systems may erroneously recognize an imposter as a legitimate user, which can compromise the security of facilities or sites. Camera Surveillance Stationary cameras can record the registration number plates of vehicles when placed at strategic entry points. Closed Circuit TV (CCTV) cameras can provide an effective monitoring and surveillance of a facility (Black, Ellis, Makris, 2003, p. 25). The CCTV cameras when exposed or hidden can provide monitoring and review of past incidences. They can be remote-controlled or fixed recording exterior or interior events in a facility. This deters them from criminal activities. When implementing camera surveillance, the security manager should consider various factors. The images recorded by the camera should be easily identifiable by use of the other identification techniques such as the biometric technologies. In addition, addressing issues such as the indexing and cataloguing the tapes is important to allow easy retrieval. Among the pertinent issues are procedures of retrieving the tapes as well as the persons mandated to access the tapes. The storage duration of the tapes before destroying them is also important. Previously, most of the video recording involved use of VCR to record images, but the emerging trends in the surveillance system involves digital recording using digital video records (DVRs). The DVRs unlike the VCRs, which recorded images in tapes, record images into hard drives. In addition, DVRs enhance quality of the stored image compared to the analogue VCR tape. The DVR provides fast and efficient reviewing of the video incidences compared to the analogue VCR system. However, the digitization and the closed circuit codes used by the DVRs are nonstandard making integrated monitoring by the security companies difficult. A better format involving the IP video allows centralized recording and monitoring by the security companies. In this way, the IP videos offer an easier way of management of security systems situated in multiple locations (Gilliom, 2001, p. 127). Convergence security technologies allow control of many security functions including IP videos and intrusion detection in a facility. Additionally, only a single infrastructure is required to facilitate security functions hence cost-effective. Latest formats used include the motion JPEG and MPEG4 allow web browser viewing overcoming the heavy bandwidth problems experienced by the IPTV security system (Monahan, 2000, p. 77). The security camera records allow investigators to have a more critical look into the evidence involving a crime, emergencies, and fire outbreaks. These new technologies are efficient in improving the security system of a facility. However, implementation of a camera surveillance system and the maintenance of the whole security system are often costly. Motion Sensors The systems installed in buildings and facilities integrate motion sensors into the alarm system to notify security guards of intrusion. The sensors integrated into alarm systems may be footstep sensors, vibration sensors, touch sensors, and laser beam barriers (Cai, Agrarian, 1996, p. 67). In most cases, the sensors are network enabled, allowing monitoring from a central management system. Motion sensors integrate other devices that alert the user of any movement within a particular area. The motion sensors are important components of business or home security systems. Motion sensors are of three types; the infrared sensors, which use body heat to detect the presence of a person, the microwave sensors that uses microwave pulses to detect a moving object and the ultrasonic motion sensors, which uses pulses to detect the presence of a moving object. A standard security system in a residential or commercial place involves a motion detector, an interior siren, and security locks. The interior siren acts as a deterrent to intrusion by notifying the owner whe n an intruder is present. The position of the motion detectors is often strategic, especially at common entry points to homes or commercial buildings. For the motion sensors to work, the security system has to be active. However, arming the security system at night would trigger the alarm by even the residents or workers moving around the area. On the other hand, disabling the security system when the owner is present only makes the residence vulnerable. Motion sensors are expensive to implement and the security system consisting of motion sensors alone cannot be reliable. Motion sensors need in-built alarm systems to deter security breaches. Motion Tracking Cameras Motion tracking cameras involve using a system of cameras to track the image of a person tracked in a large area over a specific duration. A moving camera with a high degree of rotation, with a high coverage area, is more effective in tracking individuals. In most security systems, multiple fixed cameras placed at strate gic locations track motion of individuals (Lyon, 2007, p. 56). The motion tracking cameras have motion detectors that detect movement and follow it. Once the tracking camera has detected motion, it locks into the particular object and even zooms in the object closely for a better view. The camera can follow the movement of the object within its coverage area. If the there is a tracking connected to a recording device, a video of the movement of the object can be obtained. In motion tracking, one camera automatically transfers the track object to another camera, which allows for effective tracking of the object. The motion tracking assumes that given time, the tracked object will follow similar routes as the inter camera routes. Since the motion tracking requires the use of a system of cameras, it requires a centralized management system, which is expensive to establish and manage. Radio Frequency Identification The radio frequency identification (RFID) describes an automatic securit y system that uses radio waves to convey the identity. The RFID has an antenna that gives out radio signals that detects the tag and reads the data on it allowing tracking of tagged objects. An RFID system allows transmission of data from tag to the RFID reader that reads and processes the information (Gilliom, 2001, p. 129). The data transmitted by the RFID provides information about location or identity of an object or person. They are important in tracking and identification of moving objects. The RFID tag has an integrated microchip read by a device called the reader. The reader transmits the information in form of radio waves to a computer system, which processes the information to identify or locate the object or person. The RFID technology has currently enhanced control access to office buildings, which employed low frequency RFID tags. The RFID technology is convenient compared to the other identification measures, as it requires the employee to hold up the entry badge to ga in access. In addition, there is less wear and tear of the tag as there is no exposure of the card to the reader and therefore less maintenance costs. Conclusion As the number of webhosting sites and data management centers increase, the physical security needs continue to increase. Human intrusion into these sites can cause substantial damage through software attack when the computers are not password protected. Mistakes from the personnel can also affect the operations as it can cause the disabling of essential equipment. The emerging technologies offer restricted access by allowing essential personnel to the webhosting sites and the data centers. Implementation of the evolving technologies is often expensive. When implementing these security measures, the security needs, the cost effectiveness and the potential of the technology to offer a broad range of solutions and need consideration. Through an assessment of the emerging technologies, realization of a realistic balance betwee n protection and cost is possible. Reference List Black, J., Ellis, T., Makris, D. (2003). Wide Area Surveillance with a Multi-Camera Network. Intelligent Distributed Surveillance Systems, 21, 25-28. Branscomb, L. (1993). Empowering technology: Implementing a U.S. strategy. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press. Cai, Q., Agrarian, J. (1996) Tracking Human Motion using Multiple Cameras.  International Conference on Pattern Recognition, 4, 67-69. Gilliom, J. (2001). Overseers of the Poor: Surveillance, Resistance, and the Limits of  Privacy. New York: University Of Chicago Press. Kendall, K. (1999). Emerging information technologies: Improving decisions,  cooperation and infrastructure. Calif: Sage Publications. Lyon, D. (2007) Surveillance Studies: An Overview. Cambridge: Polity Press. Monahan, T. (2000). Surveillance and Security: Technological Politics and Power in  Everyday Life New York: Routledge. Ratha, N., Connell, J., Bolle, R. (2001). Enhancing security and privacy in biomet rics-based authentication systems. IBM systems Journal, 40(6), 614-616. This term paper on Security Planning and Assessment: Emerging Technologies in Physical Security was written and submitted by user Zeke Beasley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Aztecs vs Incas essays

Aztecs vs Incas essays Two of the biggest and greatest civilizations in the Americas were the Aztecs and the Incas. These two civilizations were both said to be conquered by the Spanish, but it was not just the Spanish who conquered them. They both also fell from a combination of a weak government, lack of technology, new disease introduced by invaders, and not being prepared for the invasion of their empires. For many centuries the Aztec civilization revolved around an ideological, social, and political system in which expansion was the cornerstone. Expansion was the cornerstone of their whole civilization because their religion requested that a large number of human sacrifices were to be made to the gods. To get these sacrifices the Aztec went to war with other tribes in Mexico. The people that they captured became sacrifices to the gods. With each conquest more sacrifices and more land was added to the Aztec kingdom. The Aztecs had a strong civilization that was familiar with organized, large scale war, had specialized war chiefs, and a well organized system of territorial levy in which large armies could be brought together in a short period of time. Although, they may have been well prepared or organized for a war, but they were not prepared for internal changes in their civilization. When expansion was no longer an option, their system crumbled. Without expansion they could no longer give the human sacrifices in the same amount in which they used to. Upon the arrival of the Spanish the Aztec government was falling apart, and Montezuma II (ruler of the Aztecs) programs of internal military consolidation and administrative and social stabilization had failed. . The Spanish used the Aztecs own legends to take advantage of them and gain the upper hand. Montezuma believed that Hernando Cortes, leader of the Spanish army, was the God Quetzalcoatl. An Aztec legend said that Quetzalcoatl was driven away by another rival g...

The Fly Essay

The Fly Essay The Fly Essay What if your son died? In the story ‘The Fly’ by Katherine Mansfield, loss is presented in different ways. The story explores how people can show different emotions when they lose someone they lose someone they love and care, and how hey deal with it. When you have many other losses, maybe you will not even remember that your son is dead. Or it can be so difficult to you that remembering will break your heart and your mind. And maybe all you want is to forget that had happened. Beginning in the first paragraph its possible to understand how much Mr. Woodifield had lost, actually he doesn’t even say about his son. He lost his freedom, his capacity of work, he lost his dignity and I believe, part of his memories. His son died just like many others, but for him is just another lost. He regrets much more having only one day to enjoy alone and outside home than having more time with his son. Even when he remember to tell the boss about the grave of theirs sons, he cares more about the price of the jam his wife and daughter paid at the hotel, then the pain they felt visiting the grave. I imagine that some parents if they had the opportunity to choose, they would choose just don’t remember how strong is the pain of loose your own son, someone you love this much, just like it happened with Mr. Woodifield. For the boss is completely different. He had great expectation for his son, he probably dreamed about it many times. He feels so much his lost, that he tries to don’t put attention to a photo, just to don’t talk about it. It’s hard to believe that so many years had past, and thinking in everything that he expected broke his heart and his mind. He can’t visit his son’s grave, just think that he is just there forever, with nothing he can do about it, this will never change, his boy will be there, using the uniform and never coming back. When you read the part that says â€Å"In the past, in the first few months and even years after the boy's death, he had only to say those words to be overcome by such grief that nothing short of a violent fit of weeping could relieve him.† It’s possible to understand how this broke him, how it will always be a part of his life, because he knows he will never forget that pain. Right after the boss remember all his pain, how he suffered, how all that memories are so hard to him, the fly shows in his desk, and he start to push it. He try to do with the fly what he would like to do with his son, show that life is not easy, but you can always get out alive of it. He

EXAM # 2 - Dunkin Brands Group, Inc. (DNKN) Research Paper

EXAM # 2 - Dunkin Brands Group, Inc. (DNKN) - Research Paper Example According to the firm’s 2013 Annual Report the specific strategy offers to the company the following advantage: being released from the costs related to the daily operations of its restaurants, the firm is able to emphasize on sectors that are critical for the business success, such as ‘menu innovation, marketing and franchisee support’ (2013 Annual Report, p. 1). The above strategy of Dunkin’ Brands Group can be characterized as an ‘Analyzer’ strategy (Daft 2010, p.71) since the following term is met: the firm keeps certain parts of its strategy stable, such as the use of franchise, while other parts are continuously updated; the continuous changes on the firm’s menu are examples of this practice. Moreover, the overall strategy of the firm can be characterized as aligned with the rules of geocentrism (Culpan 2002, p.51) since key the firm’s units worldwide are considered as part of an integrate business unit, even if the method o f franchise is employed by the firm for securing global expansion. The establishment of long-term objectives is a critical part of the strategic planning process (Lussier 2008, p.123). The long – term objectives have the following characteristic: the time required for their achievement can be long, usually more than a year (Lussier 2008). In the case of Dunkin’ Brands Group the increase of the number of the firm’s units worldwide can be considered as one of the firm’s long-term objectives (2013 Annual Report, p.2). The improvement of the firm’s ‘relationship with its franchisees’ (2013 Annual Report, p.2) is another key long-term objective of Dunkin’ Brands Group. The development of an effective business strategy can require different strategic tools; the organization chart is one of these tools. The organization chart shows the business units so that existing business infrastructure can fully support daily business operations (Karami 2007, p.163). Organization chart is quite valuable

Not Finishing Well Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Not Finishing Well - Essay Example We accept warfare or conflict as a normal part of life. The Divine Teachers want us to free ourselves from this condition by not looking backward but instead, by looking ahead. In Christian spirit, one sees that the most essential discipline is the nearness with Christ. Nearness implies the fidelity in carrying the teachings of Christ and applying them to one's daily life. This gives a person some plans or purpose in life. It is incumbent upon the followers of Christ to promote amity or harmony among the believers. They should enlighten and educate children to instill a growing hope. Ignoring this call is like a journey back, a failure. In his article Longevity with Distinction and Dignity-Finishing Well, Pastor Eugene Harder echoes that "Jesus died to remove the curse that prevented people from finishing well." We are reaching a new era in the history of mankind. And springtime is knocking at the door. For our brief sojourn on this life-giving planet, we could say that even though we did not start well, we could indeed find time to finish well.

An analysis of The Case of Charles Dexter Ward Essay

An analysis of The Case of Charles Dexter Ward - Essay Example His work was known to inculcate pessimism and cynicism which are the opposite of the concepts and philosophies being promoted in his era such as Enlightenment, Romanticism, and Christian humanism (Lovecraft â€Å"Works†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Biography page 1). The novel â€Å"The Case of Charles Dexter Ward† is one of the famous novels of Lovecraft in the same atmosphere of horror and fantasy. It is about the main character Charles who became a mental case due to the results of his quest in knowing the life of one of his ancestors Joseph Curwen who was known for his evil activities during his lifetime. There are important points in the novel. One is the impact of fantasy in the novel, which can be considered as the focal point of the story. Without the magical and demonic return of the spirit of Curwen through Charles, the novel would have failed to progress. In any novel, there is a fight between forces of good and evil. And in relation to the common theme of Lovecraft’s works , cosmic horror had an important role and created confusion in the story as well. This can be observed on the decision of the main character to dedicate his life in finding Curwen inspired by the possibility of achieving his capabilities (Lovecraft â€Å"Works†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Biography page 1; Lovecraft â€Å"The Case†¦.† Part 1 Par. 6). The focus of the paper is the theme of the novel regarding education which is another important point in the works of Lovecraft. The story specifically pointed out the dangers of biased knowledge based on education focused on a singular aspect which is the quest for an ancestor and his capabilities. Analysis of the Dangers of Biased Education in the Novel H.P. Lovecraft is known for his... H.P. Lovecraft is known for his style of writing in the fantasy and horror fiction genre but most importantly he is known for the importance of education in the themes of his works. The Case of Charles Dexter Ward also shares the same theme. In the story, one of the most important elements that affected the fate of the main character is his biased knowledge due to the lack of balanced perspective. This ultimately resulted in his mental condition. Ward is a an educated person with a degree but â€Å"during the boy’s last year at the Moses Brown School, when he suddenly turned from the study of the past to the study of the occult, and refuse to qualify for college on the ground that he had individual researches of much greater importance to make† (Lovecraft â€Å"The Case†¦.† Part 1 Par. 6). This became the onset of his research on Joseph Curwen and the change in his behavior. One of the observed changes is the behavior and attitude of Charles is the neglect o f other areas of his life to pursue his quest for the occult. This is one of the most important evidence of the dangers of biased education. Due to his obsession to focus on one area of knowledge he underwent a self consuming form of one sided education which led to his mental condition and change in behavior. The behavior that was exhibited by Charles can be compared to brainwashing and other forms of influential effects wherein a person can be totally focused on a single activity, a single aspect of life or a single objective and block the rest.

Speaker Recognition System Pattern Classification

Speaker Recognition System Pattern Classification A Study on Speaker Recognition System and Pattern classification Techniques Dr E.Chandra,  K.Manikandan,  M.S.Kalaivani Abstract Speaker Recognition is the process of identifying a person through his/her voice signals or speech waves. Pattern classification plays a vital role in speaker recognition. Pattern classification is the process of grouping the patterns, which are sharing the same set of properties. This paper deals with speaker recognition system and over view of Pattern classification techniques DTW, GMM and SVM. Keywords Speaker Recognition System, Dynamic Time Warping (DTW), Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM), Support Vector Machine (SVM). INTRODUCTION Speaker Recognition is the process of identifying a person through his/her voice signals [1] or speech waves. It can be classified into two categories, speaker identification and speaker verification. In speaker identification task, a speech utterance of an unknown speaker is compared with set of valid users. The best match is used to identify the speaker. Similarly, in speaker verification the unknown speaker first claims identity, and the claimed model is then used for identification. If the match is above a predefined threshold, the identity claim is accepted The speech used for these task can be either text dependent or text independent. In text dependent application the system has the prior knowledge of the text to be spoken. The user will speak the same text as it is in the predefined text. In a text-independent application, there is no prior knowledge by the system of the text to be spoken. Pattern classification plays a vital role in speaker recognition. The term Pattern defines the objects of interest. In this paper the sequence of acoustic vectors, extracted from input speech are taken as patterns. Pattern classification is the process of grouping the patterns, which are sharing the same set of properties. It plays a vital role in speaker recognition system. The result of pattern classification decides whether to accept or reject a speaker. Several research efforts have been done in pattern classification. Most of the works based on generative model. There are Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) [3], Hidden Markov Models (HMM) , Vector Quantization (VQ) [4], Gaussian mixture model (GMM) [5] and so forth. Generative model is for randomly generating observed data, with some hidden parameters. Because of the randomly generating observed data functions, they are not able to provide a machine that can directly optimize discrimination. Support vector machine was introducing as an alternative classifier for speaker verification. [6]. In machine learning SVM is a new tool, which is used for hard classification problems in several fields of application. This tool is capable to deal with the samples of higher dimensionality. In speaker verification binary decision is needed, since SVM is discriminative binary classifier it can classify a complete utterance in a single step. This paper is planned as follows. In section 2: speaker recognition system, in section 3, Pattern Classification, AND overview of DTW, GMM, and SVM techniques .section 4: Conclusion. SPEAKER RECOGNITION SYSTEM Speaker recognition categorized into verification and identification. Speaker Recognition system consists of two stages .speaker verification and speaker identification. Speaker verification is 1:1 match, where the voice print is matched with one template. But speaker identification is 1:N match, where the input speech is matched with more than one templates. Speaker verification consists of five steps. 1. Input data acquisition 2.feature extraction 3.pattern matching 4.decision making 5.generate speaker models. Fig 1: Speaker recognition system In the first step sample speech is acquired in a controlled manner from the user. The speaker recognition system will process the speech signals and extract the speaker discriminatory information. This information forms a speaker model. At the time of verification process, a sample voice print is acquired from the user. The speaker recognition system will extract the features from the input speech and compared withpredefined model. This process is called pattern matching. DC Offset Removal and Silence Removal Speech data are discrete-time speech signals, carry some redundant constant offset called DC offset [8].The values of DC offset affect the information ,extracted from the speech signals. Silence frames are audio frames of background noise with low energy level .silence removal is the process of discarding the silence period from the speech. The signal energy in each speech frame is calculated by using equation (1). M – Number of samples in a speech frames, N- Total number of speech frames. Threshold level is determined by using the equation (2) Threshold = Emin + 0.1 (Emax – Emin) (2) Emax and Emin are the lowest and greatest values of the N segments. Fig 2. Speech Signal before Silence Removal Fig 3. Speech Signal after Silence Removal This technique is used to enhance the high frequencies of the speech signal. The aim of this technique is to spectrally flatten the speech signal that is to increase the relative energy of its high frequency spectrum. The following two factors decides the need of Pre-emphasis technique.1.Speech Signals generally contains more speaker specific information in higher frequencies [9]. 2. If the speech signal energy decreases the frequency increases .This made the feature extraction process to focus all the aspects of the voice signals. Pre-emphasis is implemented as first order finite Impulse Response filter, defined as H(Z) = 1-0.95 Z-1 (3) The below example represents speech signals before and after Pre-emphasizing. Fig 4. Speech Signal before Pre-emphasizing Fig 5. Speech Signal after Pre-emphasizing Windowing and Feature Extraction: The technique windowing is used to minimize the signal discontinuities at beginning and end of each frame. It is used to smooth the signal and makes the frame more flexible for spectral analysis. The following equation is used in windowing technique. y1(n) = x (n)w(n), 0 ≠¤Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  n ≠¤Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  N-1 (4) N- Number of samples in each frame. The equation for Hamming window is(5) There is large variability in the speech signal, which are taken for processing. to reduce this variability ,feature extraction technique is needed. MFCC has been widely used as the feature extraction technique for automatic speaker recognition. Davis and Mermelstein reported that Mel-frequency cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) provided better performance than other features in 1980 [10]. Fig 6. Feature Extraction MFCC technique divides the input signal into short frames and apply the windowing techniques, to discard the discontinuities at edges of the frames. In fast Fourier transform (FFT) phase, it converts the signal to frequency domain and after that Mel scale filter bank is applied to the resultant frames. After that, Logarithm of the signal is passed to the inverse DFT function converting the signal back to time domain. PATTERN CLASSIFICATION Pattern classification involves in computing a match score in speaker recognition system. The term match score refers the similarity of the input feature vectors to some model. Speaker models are built from the features extracted from the speech signal. Based on the feature extraction a model of the voice is generated and stored in the speaker recognition system. To validate a user the matching algorithm compares the input voice signal with the model of the claimed user. In this paper three techniques in pattern classification have been compared. Those three major techniques are DTW, GMM and SVM. Dynamic Time Warping: This well known algorithm is used in many areas. It is currently used in Speech recognition,sign language recognition and gestures recognition, handwriting and online signature matching ,data mining and time series clustering, surveillance , protein sequence alignment and chemical engineering , music and signal processing . Dynamic Time Warping algorithm is proposed by Sadaoki Furui in 1981.This algorithm measures the similarity between two series which may vary in time and speed. This algorithm finds an optimal match between two given sequences. The average of the two patterns is taken to form a new template. This process is repeated until all the training utterances have been combined into a single template. This technique matches a test input from a multi-dimensional feature vector T= [ t1, t2†¦tI] with a reference template R= [ r1, r2†¦rj]. It finds the function w(i) as shown in the below figure. In Speaker Recognition system Every input speech is compared with the utte rance in the database .For each comparison, the distance measure is calculated .In the measurements lower distance indicates higher similarity. Fig 7. . Dynamic Time Warping Gaussian mixture model: Gaussian mixture model is the most commonly used classifier in speaker recognition system.It is a type of density model which comprises a number of component functions. These functions are combined to provide a multimodal density. This model is often used for data clustering. It uses an alternative algorithm that converges to a local optimum. In this method the distribution of the feature vector x is modeled clearly using mixture of M Gaussians. mui- represent the mean and covariance of the i th mixture. x1, x2†¦xn, Training data ,M-number of mixture. The task is parameter estimation which best matches the distribution of the training feature vectors given in the input speech. The well known method is maximum likehood estimation. It finds the model parameters which maximize the likehood of GMM. Therefore, the testing data which gain a maximum score will recognize as speaker. Support Vector Machine: Support machine was proposed in 1990 and it is one of the best machine learning algorithms. This is used in many pattern classification problems. such as image recognition, speech recognition, text categorization, face detection and faulty card detection, etc. The basic idea of support vector machine is to find the optimal linear decision surface based on the concept of structural risk minimization. It is a binary classification method. The decision surface refers the weighted combination of elements in a training dataset. These elements are called support vectors. These vectors define the boundary between two classes. In a binary problem +1 and -1 are taken as two classes. The size of the margin should be maximized to characterize the boundary between two classes. The below example explains pattern classification by using SVM. In the fig 3(a), there are two different kinds of patterns taken for process. A line is drawn to separate these two patterns. In the fig 3(b),by using a single line the patterns are separated, the patterns are presented in two dimensional space. The similar representation in one dimensional space in the fig 3(c), a point can be used to separate patterns in one dimensional space. a plane that separates these patterns in 3-D space ,represented in the fig 3(d),is called separating hyper plane. . The next task a plane should be selected from the set of planes whose margin is maximum. The plane with the maximum margin i.e. perpendicular distance from the marginal line is known as optimal hyper plane or maximum margin hyper plane as shown in fig 3(f). The patterns that lie on the edges of the plane are called support vectors While classify the patterns, there may exist some errors in the representation, as shown in the fig 3(g), such types of errors are called soft margin. Sometimes ,these errors can be ignored to some threshold value. The patterns that can be easily separated using line or Plane are called linearly Separable patterns .Non-linear separable patterns (fig-j,k,l)are difficult to classify. These patterns are classified by using kernel functions . In order to classify non-linear separable patterns the original data’s are mapped to higher dimensional space using kernel function. CONCLUSION In this paper we have explained about speaker recognition system and discussed about three major pattern classification techniques, Dynamic Time Warping, Gaussian mixture model and Support Vector Machine. SVM will work efficiently on fixed length vectors. To implement SVM the input data should be normalized for better performance. In future, we have planned to implement these techniques in speaker recognition system and evaluate the performance. The performance of the models will also be evaluated by incrementing the amounts of training data. REFERENCES [1] Campbell, J.P., Speaker Recognition: A Tutorial, Proc. Of the IEEE, vol. 85,no. 9, 1997, pp. 1437-1462. [2] Sadaoki Furui., Recent advances in speaker recognition,Pattern Recognition Letters. 1997,18 (9): 859-72. [3] Sakoe, H.and Chiba, S., Dynamic programming algorithm optimization for spoken word recognition, Acoustics,Speech, and Signal Processing, IEEE Transactions on Volume 26, Issue 1, Feb 1978 Page 43 49. [4] Lubkin, J. and Cauwenberghs, G., VLSI Implementation of Fuzzy Adaptive Resonance and Learning Vector Quantization, Int. J. Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 30 (2), 2002,pp. 149-157. [5] Reynolds, D. A. and Rose, R. C. Robust text-independent speaker identification using Gaussian mixture speaker models. IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Process. 3, 1995, pp 72–83. [6] Solera, U.R., Martà ­n-Iglesias, D., Gallardo-Antolà ­n, A., Pelà ¡ez-Moreno, C. and Dà ­az-de-Marà ­a, F, Robust ASR using Support Vector Machines, Speech Communication, Volume 49 Issue 4, 2007. [7] Temko, A.; Monte, E.; Nadeu, C., Comparison of Sequence Discriminant Support Vector Machines for Acoustic Event Classification, ICASSP 2006 Proceedings, 2006 IEEE International Conference on Volume 5, Issue , 14-19 May 2006 [8] Shang, S.; Mirabbasi, S.; Saleh, R., A technique for DCoffset removal and carrier phase error compensation in integrated wireless receivers Circuits and Systems, ISCAS apos;03. Proceedings of the 2003 International Symposium onVolume 1, Issue , 25-28 May 2003 Page I-173 I-176 vol.1 [9] Vergin, R.; Oapos;Shaughnessy, D., Pre-emphasis and speech recognition lectrical and Computer Engineering†,Canadian Conference on Volume 2, Issue , 5-8 Sep 1995 [10] Davis, S. B. and Mermelstein, P., Comparison of parametric representations for monosyllabic word recognition in continuously spoken sentences, IEEE Trans. on Acoustic, Speech and Signal Processing, ASSP-28, 1980, No. 4. [11] Sadaoki Furui., Cepstral analysis technique for automatic speaker verification, IEEE Trans. ASSP 29, 1981,pages 254-272. BIOGRAPHIES Dr.E.Chandra received her B.Sc., from Bharathiar University, Coimbatore in 1992 and received M.Sc., from Avinashilingam University ,Coimbatore in 1994. She obtained her M.Phil. In the area of Neural Networks from Bharathiar University, in 1999. She obtained her PhD degree in the area of Speech recognition system from Alagappa University Karikudi in 2007. She has totally 15 yrs of experience in teaching including 6 months in the industry. Presently she is working as Director, Department of Computer Applications in D. J. Academy for Managerial Excellence, Coimbatore. She has published more than 30 research papers in National, International Journals and Conferences in India and abroad. She has guided more than 20 M.Phil. Research Scholars. Currently 3 M.Phil Scholars and 8 PhD Scholars are working under her guidance. She has delivered lectures to various Colleges. She is a Board of studies member of various Institutions. Her research interest lies in the area of Data Mining, Artificial Intelligence, Neural Networks, Speech Recognition Systems, Fuzzy Logic and Machine Learning Techniques. She is an active and Life member of CSI, Society of Statistics and Computer Applications. Currently she is Management Committee member of CSI Coimbatore Chapter. K. Manikandan received his Bsc from Bharathidhasan University, Tiruchirappalli in1998 and received his MCA from Bharathiadsan University, Tiruchirappalli in 2001. He received M.Phil in the area of soft computing from Bharathiyar university, Coimbatore in 2004. He has 12 years of experience in teaching. Currently, he is working as a Assistant Professor, Department Of Computer Science, PSG College of arts and Science, Coimbatore and pursuing PhD in Bharathiar University, Coimbatore.He has presented research papers in National and International Conferences and published a paper in International Journal. His Research Interest is Soft Computing . He is Life a member of IAENG. He has guided more than 4 M.Phil Research Scholars. Currently 3 M.Phil Scholars are working under his guidance. He has delivered lectures to various Colleges. M.S.Kalaivani received her BCA from P.S.G College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore, in 2005 and received her MCA from National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli in 2008.She has 4 years of working experience at software industry. Presently, she is working as a Research Scholar, Department of Computer Science, P.S.G. College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore. Her research interests are Machine Learning and Fuzzy logic.

Article on How Teenagers Spend Their Free Time

What do teenagers do in their spare time? They are on Facebook! This is Bristol FollowWednesday, November 10, 2010 WHAT do we teenagers do in our spare time? Hang round by shops with our hoods up, knifes in pocket, shouting abuse and getting drunk? Yes, all those grown ups would like to think that but, we normally just go out to have fun – go to the cinema, shopping and places like that! Or we are on Facebook. We will spend our lives, sharing our lives, on Facebook. From posting pictures, writing statuses, and joining funny yet sometimes offensive groups or fan pages.But, have you ever thought, that maybe, you could get into heaps of trouble from those little comments? Facebook can get quite abusive. With us posting pictures, which, yes, aren't very modest of ourselves, with skimpy outfits, and slapped-on make-up. But the nasty comments, are where we draw the line. Consider this, once it's on there, will your digital footprint ever be erased? Imogen Rodgers, Lucy Perry, Bethan y Seymour, Year 9, St Bede's CAN Facebook fight to stay on our favourites or is it time to ignore the friend you don't like?It's most people's way of life – an addiction. With no less than 400 million active users Facebook is ranked the number one social networking site worldwide but with so many others, like Twitter, Bebo, MySpace, Flickr, Google buzz, Habbo, Friendster, the list is endless, Will Facebook keep its crown or will one of its enemies take over? At the moment 35 million Facebook users update their status each day, this shows how popular it is. The site's publicity and popularity levels are soaring, but over the past four years another site has had quite a bit of the spotlight too.Twitter was launched in 2006 and with its appeal of getting to hear what celebrities have to say directly from them and reading their every â€Å"tweet† it seemed like there was a new social fish in town. However, even though it may seem like Facebook is starting to slip away, no other site could take over from what stole our hearts first. Elsie Bradley, The City Academy, Bristol DO you have Facebook? Some people feel that entertainment is sitting in front of a computer and watching the lives of others dissolve into this new cyber life.How many times have you seen a message saying â€Å"I'm bored! â€Å"? They make me want to scream, â€Å"THEN GO AND DO SOMETHING ELSE! † But the truth is that our lives are now revolving around these social networking sites. Those who don't have such groups as Facebook are constantly under peer pressure to create an account and get sucked in. Especially if you don't have an account, you have no control whatsoever of what pictures of you are being pinned up on the internet.All those pictures that you thought your â€Å"friends† deleted – they're all up on Facebook. Sarah Orr, Amy McGrath, and Evie Gowie, Year 9, St Bede's I, LIKE many other people really enjoy going home and using the computer maybe to play games, send an email or go on Facebook but are we getting too addicted to Facebook? Do you really need to go on Facebook, when you have just spent a day at school talking to those people? Emily Shiga, Banor Kofi-Ofuafor and Jess Chapman, Year 9, St Bede's

The Toyota Camry Hybrid And The Camry Sedan

Now a day’s the car becomes more important than needs. People now want the pretty and high quality models of new cars. The demand is increasing for new model car, so company every year make the new model cars. The Camry hybrid and the Camry sedan are manufactured by Toyota since 1982. The Camry hybrid and the Camry sedan is a Japanese car. These cars are the best-selling cars in North America and also sell in Australia very well. The Camry Hybrid and the Camry Sedan has been reshaped for 2013 and represents the seventh-generation model.The present Toyota Camry interior is very pretty than the past Camry’s, and it is the four-cylinder engine is additional powerful. On other hand, The Toyota Camry Hybrid of 2013 is understated about its fuel efficiency. It offers both impatient speeding up and great fuel economy. Camry Hybrid drives Zero to 60 in just 7. 4 seconds, it is not sports car, but it’s faster than the regular four-cylinder Camry. The Toyota Camry Hybrid a nd the Camry Sedan of 2013 is offered in XLE and LE trim levels.The LE features 16-inch steel wheels, automatic headlights, keyless ignition/entry, full power accessories, dual-zone automatic climate control, cruise control, a trip computer, a tilt-and-telescoping steering wheel, Bluetooth phone and audio connectivity, a 6-inch display and a six-speaker sound system with a HD radio, CD player, , an auxiliary input, satellite radio and a USB/iPod interface. The XLE adds heated exterior mirrors, 17-inch alloy wheels, a leather-wrapped steering wheel. Three engines were presented for this generation.The first was a 2. 4-liter four-cylinder that complete 154 hp (145 with PZEV emissions controls). It was reproduced to either a five-speed manual or a five-speed automatic transmission (four-speed prior to '05) and must be powerful sufficient for the common of buyers. A 3. 0-liter V6 that made 190 hp was also offered (18 hp less prior to '04) on the LE and XLE trim levels, while a 210-hp, 3 . 3-liter V6 (introduced for 2004) was offered on the SE model only. These six-cylinder Camry’s came by the automatic only.In preceding years, these power numbers were greater for the reason that of a change in measurement that happened in 2006, while actual output not once changed. The Toyota Camry Hybrid of 2013 is animatedly accomplished. Thanks a lot to careful suspension tuning, the position of car during driving is sticks fit to the road as well as is generally untouched by bumps and ruts. The electric-assist power steering is soft and quick turning, however it suffers from a lack of comment and some drivers might be catch its effort too graceful.

5 Ways to Fix the Comma Splice

5 Ways to Fix the Comma Splice 5 Ways to Fix the Comma Splice 5 Ways to Fix the Comma Splice By Mark Nichol A comma splice is simply a sentence in which a comma is called on to do more than is appropriate for the workaday but weak punctuation mark. When a sentence contains two independent clauses each of which could essentially stand on its own separated by a comma (or by nothing at all, in which case it’s called a fused sentence), employ one of these five strategies to fix the splice and create a correct connection: 1. â€Å"Of course not all companies will survive, it is our goal to give the investing public accurate information on all companies profiled.† Divide the sentence into two (and set â€Å"Of course† off with a comma as well): â€Å"Of course, not all companies will survive. It is our goal to give the investing public accurate information on all companies profiled.† 2. â€Å"Some buildings hearken back to Main Street, USA, others offer strip-mall modernism.† Insert a subordinating conjunction to convert either clause into a subordinate clause (one that depends on the other to be the main clause): â€Å"Some buildings hearken back to Main Street, USA, while others offer strip mall modernism.† (While could, alternatively, begin the sentence.) 3. â€Å"Several people have told me they want to buy a house before they are laid off, otherwise they won’t be able to get a loan.† Replace the comma with a semicolon (and, in this case, set otherwise off from the rest of the second clause: â€Å"Several people have told me they want to buy a house before they are laid off; otherwise, they won’t be able to get a loan.† 4. â€Å"At times, it resembled the pitch of a whirring blender, at other moments, an angelic choir.† Separate the clauses with a coordinating conjunction: â€Å"At times, it resembled the pitch of a whirring blender, and at other moments, an angelic choir.† (The final comma and the elided phrase â€Å"an angelic choir† are correct; repetition of â€Å"it resembled† is implied.) 5. â€Å"Other cops have an alternative solution, they simply arrive on the scene long after the criminals have fled in order to avoid any confrontation.† Employ a colon in place of the comma when what follows is a definition or explanation stemming from the first clause: â€Å"Other cops have an alternative solution: They simply arrive on the scene long after the criminals have fled in order to avoid any confrontation.† Better yet, to create a stronger impact with the sentence, move the final modifying phrase forward as a parenthetical: â€Å"Other cops have an alternative solution: In order to avoid any confrontation, they simply arrive on the scene long after the criminals have fled.† More than one of these strategies is usually an option; each of the sentences above can be repaired with at least two of the methods described. Often, however, depending on the sentence content and structure, one solution will stand out as the best. (An em dash can also be used to set one independent clause off from the other.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Flier vs. FlyerPreposition Mistakes #3: Two Idioms

Problem and solution Essays

Problem and solution Essays Problem and solution Essay Problem and solution Essay Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Problem and solution Problem The education in USA is not up to the required standards. This is mainly experienced in elementary and high schools. These two levels are experiencing constraints in facilities and focusing on education seemed to be wrong. Almost all schools complain of too many children in one classroom. There are inadequate books and other basic facilities for learning. The private schools are also affected by this problem, but the government schools are worse than private ones. The teachers receive poor salaries and this demoralizes them from doing their work satisfactorily. Teaching students is a noble task, especially students in basic level. Teachers should be compensated adequately for them to be motivated in their work. Parents are complaining that teachers are not focused on the right purpose. They argue that teachers are confusing preparing students for the next level, with overworking them. For instance, students in high school should be prepared academically and socially to join higher learning. Instead, some teachers are giving them many assignments, which will not necessarily help them. Teachers need to be moderate on teaching and giving assignments to students. Teachers should focus more on quality teaching than quantity. Too much work for students does not necessarily mean they understand everything they do. Some teachers are not keen on how they assign work to the students. Some methods of assigning work to students are ineffective, but some teachers have not identified that. Solution The government needs to allocate more funds for education in basic levels. The funds should be used to improve the learning of environment for students. Enough books should be bought for all students. More classrooms should be built to accommodate the extra students in the present classrooms. All the classrooms should have the required facilities like desks for the students. The funds should also be used to remunerate teachers as required. Most teachers are receiving salaries below their grades. They deserve good remuneration according to their grade. The ministry of education needs to prepare programs, which will offer guidance to teachers on how to offer quality education to students. They may also be required to revise the education system if it is necessary. Observations have been made, and some conclusions state the education system does not cover all students need to learn. Parents need to support teachers in helping students to do excellently in their academic work. Some parents tend to be too busy to follow-up their children. Some just think it is the teacher’s duty to ensure students perform excellently. Students have a responsibility of cooperating with both teachers and parents. They need to address any issues inhibiting them from performing well in their studies. Students face many challenges, and they have a duty of seeking help, in case teachers and parents do not seem to realize their problems. They should assess on how the teachers are handling them as well as the rest of the learning environment. Students should know they are the beneficial of education and should suggest all possible ways of improving it. The most appropriate solution for this education problem is government intervention of increasing funds. It will be easy to solve financial problems, which are deteriorating the quality of education. Part of the extra funds could be used to fund the program for coaching educators on quality teaching modes. It would also be possible to revise the education system. Students need to follow an updated system, which is applicable in the current era. Education is a fundamental in development and growth. Therefore, the government needs to act swiftly.

APPLE INCORPORATED Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

APPLE INCORPORATED - Research Paper Example As of August 2010, the association began working 300 retail stores in ten countries and an online store where fittings and modifying things available to be purchased. Made on April 1, 1976 in Cupertino, California, and combined January 3, 1977, the association was aforetime designated Apple Computer, Inc., for its first 30 years, yet scatterbrained the proclamation "Computer" on January 9, 2007 to reflect the association's endless wander into the client fittings promote in mixture with its customary concentrate on Pcs (Livingstone, 37). Establishment and advancement Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs, created Apple Computer in the 1976 out of the silicon valley. From the Apple Ii microcomputer familiar in 1977 with the Macintosh exhibited in 1984, Apple Computer has transformed into one of the heading machine originators on the planet. On the other hand, Apple's pace of the generally business fell as competition from Microsofts' Windows and the comparably efficient Ibm Personal machines wh ich were great machines that moved the business division in 1990s. This was the pivotal turning point for Apple from a beneficially lucrative association to an endeavour with debilitating cash identified incidents. Apple, made a couple of movements turn the business around yet again. On May 2001, Apple pronounced the opening of the Apple retail stores in critical Us client zones. These files were planned to stem the tide of Apple's declining partition of the machine publicize and to nullify a poor record of promoting, Apple things with their-assembling retail outlets. What's more, Apple introduced its first ipod conveyable electronic sound player later that year. It was a completely early item offering of its workstation business. Not long after the showing of ipod, itunes Store was made to offer online music downloads for Us 99 pennies a musical amalgamation for its ipod lines. Notwithstanding music, more than 2200 system shows, circulated full-length films from Disney. This extern al examination of Apple Corporation utilizes a mix of Porter's Five Forces, complementors, and parts of a Pest examination to investigate the danger levels in Apple's inclination. The logical arrangement is an amalgam of the sundry models, certain things are broken out for phenomenal thought underneath. The human resource hiring process Regularly, the meeting process is fluctuated. A few applicants share in 4 meetings with 4-5 individuals at once while others, contingent upon the position, may be subjected to the same amount as 10 meetings. A portion of the more key inquiries touch on why somebody needs to work for Apple with one candidate noting that they're testing for "obsessive brand grip.", The interviews at Apple inc are quite tricky in that they are follow up questions to the questions that are asked in a normal interview. One of the ways that one can get to work for apple more easily is wen they had an internship there. In the process there also includes brain teasers for on e to prove they are well endowed in the mathematics section. Strategies and executions Before all else, in order to get a vigor about that nature's domain, an audit of Apple is publicized. Mac is incorporated in two associations: the Pc market and the regalement as well as the market of the media. Its ways have been to fuse its punctual

Entrepreneurship Acunu Ltd Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Entrepreneurship Acunu Ltd - Assignment Example Using the above approach the objectives of Acunu Ltd could be described as follows: a) the firm emphasizes the use of information as a strategic tool for supporting daily operations of firms in all industries; in fact it is the rapid, even on real-time, process of information/ data on which Acunu Ltd focuses in order to secure its competitiveness in the UK market; b) Acunu Ltd has developed a unique software programme, the Acunu Analytics, which is able to offer data analysis support of high quality using advanced features, as described in the organizational website; the promotion of this programme, as the basis of its services, is among the key objectives of Acunu Ltd; c) Acunu Analytics, the key programme of Acunu Ltd, addresses businesses in all sectors; there are no specific criteria set by the firm in regard to the provision of its services; this means that the above programme can be applied in a quite wide business area; the approach used by Acunu Analytics for communicating wi th its potential customers can be characterized as generalist approach (Kozami 2002), not being limited on the basis of specific terms. A successful mission statement needs to be broad so that it cannot easily become ‘outdated if the business changes its objectives/ priorities’ (Lamb et al. 2008, p.35). Moreover, such mission statement would focus ‘on the market that the firm is interested to attract’ (Lamb et al. 2008, p.35); a description only of the goods/ services of a business would not constitute an effective mission statement. In Acunu Ltd there is no a clear description of the mission statement; after reviewing the organizational website the following mission statement would result: the firm aims to help businesses to secure their growth by using their data more wisely. As a concept, business vision is usually related to the identification of ‘a unique path for the business’ (Wenger 2007, p.19), i.e. a path that would make the business to secure its competitiveness.  Ã‚  

658 week 10 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

658 week 10 - Essay Example As it grows, it continues the learning process through these two fundamental methods. Through experience and instruction, an individual learns to acquire his needs from the environment. Since what a person learns is a function of their environment; the culture, society, or politics of the day will have a huge bearing on what a person can learn, unlearn, or relearn. All previous cultures and civilizations that have been experienced throughout the ages have had massive bearing on the populace behavior. The ancient Roman civilization was a republic complete with representative from every corner of the civilization. The concept of a republic complete with democratic institution was a reality. Our current civilizations borrow hugely from the Romans. This work will endeavor to interpret influences that create an individual and the social and political influence of our classrooms today. In the ancient Roman civilization, both during the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire, culture, society and politics played a huge role in the education system. The ancient Roman civilization political elite such as Julius Caesar, the Senate, Emperor Augustus, Constantine etc. were constantly involved in campaigns and conquest that had huge implication on the education system of the day (Zumbusch, 2014). These conquests and campaigns brought many slaves to Rome, some of whom played a role in the education system of the Roman civilization. Romes education system borrows massively from the Greek culture. Many Greek slaves and freemen acted as tutors. Livius Andronicus, a Greek captive from Terentum provides a classic example. As a slave, Andronicus tutored his masters children while as a freeman, became the first private tutor in Rome (Zumbusch, 2014). Ancient Rome society was composed of rigid social structure, which included the elite and the commoners. The elite were mostly successful merchants, rulers, priests and nobles. The commoners were mostly composed of farmers and laborers.

Cultural Geography of the Navajo Tribe Essay Example for Free

Cultural Geography of the Navajo Tribe Essay The Navajo Community represents some of the native Indian tribes in the United States of America. This group just like other Apachean tribes residing in the Southwest is part of the Athabaskan speakers. Originally, they migrated from Western Canada to occupy the largest reservation in the United States. The Navajo tribe practiced nomadic gathering and hunting living a sedentary life in the rugged expansive terrain in the Southwest. Their residences were small and scattered over the land. The date of settlement of the Navajo community in the Four Corners Area is not known with certainty but archaeological findings and researches projects settlement around 13th century.             Surprisingly, a majority of Native American tribes diminished in population with modernization, civilization and assimilation. However, the Navajo tribe has witnessed ballooning population going well over 300,000 people. A duo of Geographers from the Los Angeles’ University of California postulates the growing Navajo population to over 300,000 members to date is as a result of culture and geography. This paper sets out to delineate the cultural geography of the Navajo tribe and what significance this has had on the community.          In Human Geography, cultural geography concentrates on the interactions and patterns of material and non material human culture with the natural environment as well as the human-structured space (Cosgrove, 1994). There are three branches of cultural geography, namely: traditional, new and the more than representational cultural geographies (Lorimer, 2012). In American studies, traditional cultural geography is studied and links to the works of Berkeley University Geographer, Professor Carl Sauer. According to him, the interaction between communities and â€Å"natural† landscape nurtures â€Å"cultural geography†. Researchers following this convention concentrate on the various arrays of human interventions in changing the â€Å"natural† landscape. Therefore, they were mainly interested in validating material culture such as architectures/buildings, industries and agricultural technologies.         Indeed, cultural geography has greatly influenced the increased population of the Navajo community. This is particularly so because the geographical location of the Navajo is isolated. Besides, the prevalence of cultural flexibility in which the Navajos regard themselves as the Dine, blended well with their expansion long after 1492 (Cosgrove, Daniels, 1994). It was around this time that the Europeans started to trickle into North America. Besides, the Navajos cultural flexibility has enabled the tribe to resist assimilation into the larger white United States Culture, four centuries down the lane. Incidentally, most Native American tribes and communities became decimated in population, lost their language, homeland and cultural identity or even disappeared. However, the Navajos are strikingly exceptional. They have retained their homeland, culture, identity and the population continues to thrive.             The exceptionality of the Navajo Community is benignantly evident in their population. The community is arguably representative of the largest Indian tribe in the United States of America. Certainly, the Cherokee Nation, which is an entirely different membership demanding diverse requirements, may contest this acclamation. Nonetheless, the burgeoning Navajo reserve has grown from 3.3 million acres in 1868 to over 17 million acres covering the three states of New Mexico, Utah and Arizona (Goode, 2002).            So what has precipitated this meteoric success?             In their article on the November 18 issue of the Science Journal, geographers Arthur and Diamond postulate that the mere isolation and remoteness of the Navajo Reservation in the southwestern United States played a major role. The extreme outlier of this zone cushioned the community against aggressors such as the Mexicans, the U.S armies and the Spanish. However, it can be remembered that the United States armies rounded up a majority of the Navajo Indians in 1864 and detained them in New Mexico State at Fort Sumner for four years. Still, the extreme outlier and isolation of the Navajo reservation filtered association and interdependence between the Navajo tribe and American and Spanish settlers.          Notwithstanding, the Navajo reservation, featured a rugged, dry and dusty terrain which inhibited white settlement. It was too dry and undesirable for farmland and agriculture making white settlers seek and establish settlements elsewhere. Moreover, the absence of essential mineral resources such as oil and coal at the time of European invasion and settlement of the U.S made the region undesirable much until the 20th century when the minerals were discovered.             Moreover, the Navajo tribe precipitated cultural geographical factors and adopted flexibly while still retaining their cultural identity, thereby circumnavigating the pitfalls of other native tribes (Jackson, 1982). The Navajo tribe changed into new practices in their expansion and occupation of the Navajo reservation. Besides, their inclusive, incorporative attitude of clans, individuals and spouses afforded them cultural identity amidst assimilation threats. For instance, they interrelated cordially with neighbors such as the Apache and the Pueblos, thereby eliminating friction and derailing wars.            There are other historical perspectives in cultural and geographical coverage of the Navajo tribe that has led to their population increase, as well as the acreage of the Navajo Reservation. The tradition of the Navajo tribe is told as a tragic story of victimization as evidently presented in most publications on the American Indian history (Parry, 2011). Peter Iverson, a history professor at the Arizona State University posits the insufficient detail with which the Navajo are regarded. He counters that much more scholastic research must be carried out to reveal the imminent cause of their prolonged stay in power in spite of the massive cultural threats.            Peter Iverson postulates that the federal government’s initiative to rupture the Indians land to derail communal land ownership for individual ownership marked the onset of disappearance of native tribes (Parry, 2011). The Navajo tribe reacted by successfully resisting the government’s capitalism agenda to split their land. This unified the community and ensured that it retained its cultural and geographical identity. Besides, the tribe set on acquiring additional land to expand their reservation resulting to a dramatic expansion of their dynasty. Peter Iverson emphatically chirps in that with the onset of the 19th century the tribe realized that their stay in the reservation was a long run.             The Navajo’s cultural and social adaptations with regard to their topography were flexible. Initially, they resisted the American government’s sponsored education. This is because the education was varied on the extreme and went against the beliefs of the Navajo tribe (Jett, 1992). For instance, the boarding schools were savagely hostile to the Navajo schooling kids. Indeed, this was ingeniously tailored to help rehabilitate the Navajo young scholars into the white American culture (Parry, 2011). However, various cultural, social and geographical developments in the region led to the tribe to flexibly accommodate and adopt new practices. For instance, the 1930 federal program decimated the pastoralist, nomadic and sedentary life in which the Navajo led by taking away their livestock. In countenance, the Navajo adopted the new engagements but yet retained their cultural identity.             Another cultural geographic factor that has led to the meteoric growth and expansion of the Navajo tribe over the years, in spite of cultural assimilation threats is their rich cultural vitality. According to the dual, over a half of the population in the Navajo tribe speaks perfect native language (Jones, 2012). The large population of Navajo members speaking their native language has enormously contributed towards cultural vitality. Nevertheless, the culture is more fragile at present that it has been projected. This is because; with the government sponsored schooling the younger Navajo members cannot speak their language fluently.            Besides, the Navajo tribe is more probable to external influences at present than before. This is because the Navajo reservation has witnessed the construction of railroad and modernized roads skirting through their lands. Consequently, the region is opening up and awakening from isolation well after 1920 (Parry, 2011). Moreover, in spite of the Navajo confrontations with the government in the 1880s, the present influence of Christian Missionaries has actively influenced their culture.            The Navajo tribe pride in their flexibility to adopt and incorporate new features into their culture. This characteristic is well illustrated in their architectural designs, weaving, silverwork, craftsmanship and drawings. For example, among the commonly featured designs in the Navajo arts is the squash blossom pattern. It involves a crescent shaped pendant which is native to the Islamic countries. It is believed to have arrived in the Navajo reservation with the Spanish.             Today, the Navajo culture constitutes a blended old tradition with adapted practices and technologies. The adapted practices are traceable to ancient times and reflect in the tribes mythology. Their oral traditions posit a semi nomadic life integrated with hunting and gathering. As a result, the oral traditions foreshadow perpetual travelling by their ancestors before settling in their current Navajo Reservation. The Navajo today practice farming as an adopted practice to ensure their survival. This practice just like so many other cultures was adopted from the Spanish settlers who settled in their reservation (Parry, 2011). They learn to rear animals such as sheep herding and weaving blankets from wool. Their adaptation tactics have seen the Navajo tribe become dexterous and perfect their skills. Most of the intricately weave patterns in blankets across the world traces top the American Indian Navajo tribe.             In the nineteenth century, the Navajo tribe conducted conventional raids in their neighbors for animals, food and captives a trait that earned them the noun ravage (Parry, 2011). This lifestyle was quite common amongst traditional communities implying that the Navajo tribe merely adopted the practice from their neighbors. In spite of the cultural adaptations, the Navajo tribe reclined to maintaining their traditions. According to James F rooks, the Navajo assumed those practices that enhanced their survival and protection.             Increased settlement of white settlers in the Dine coupled with transcontinental railroad developments stirred a hostile, brutal and violent resistance from the Navajo tribe in their reservation. Consequently, the U.S armies were called upon to quell the situation and detain the agitators. This led to the rounding up of Navajos and their eventual incarceration at Fort Summer, New Mexico. The U.S army applied ruthless combat methods such as the scorched earth policy aimed at weakening the Navajo. For instance, they reduced the Navajo livestock which was their main source of income and livelihood. The army barraged the Navajo out of their reservation striking their most hideous cavern, the Canyon de Chelly. Peter Iverson states categorically that the number of Navajo clansmen arrested and incarcerated as at 1864 totaled to about 8,000. These people had surrendered to the American soldiers due to hunger and thirst. In fact, Iverson posits that they endured the  "Long Walk† along the Pecos River to the fort. Nevertheless, a boisterous and poignantly adamant Navajo population totaling to about 5,000 Navajo members sought refuge in the Gray Mountain, Black Messa, Grand Canyon and the Wupatki hideous points (Parry, 2011).             The long annexation of Navajo led to the 1868, peace treaty signed by chief Manuelito and other clansmen with the federal government of the United States. This allowed the release and return home of the arrested and detained Navajo members. In addition, the Navajo acquired an expansive Navajo reservation stretching over 3.5 million acres of land. It straddles the entire New Mexico and Arizona border line through Utah and on to Colorado (Parry, 2011). The annexation and detention of the Navajo did not alter their cultural practices and identity. The continued herding their sheep and their craftsmanship weaving more and more blankets. In addition, they brought with them additional practices such as silversmithing earlier adopted from their neighbors, the Spaniards. The Navajo jewelry is known across the world and over and especially the turquoise and silver jewelry.             The discovery of an underneath mega oil reserve in Navajo Reservation, in the 1920s, did not assail the tribe. The tribe organized the Navajo Tribe Council to provide strategic and organized leasing of contracts. This council operated independently until 1991 when the federal United States government intervened and reorganized the council to accommodate a trilateral government (Parry, 2011). It constituted of an executive, a legislature and a judiciary similar to the federal American government. This depicts another one of Navajo community’s cultural adaptability and flexibility. The council is duly constituted by a delegation of 88 people representative of 110 communities.          Moreover, the Navajo council and government constitute a Navajo Nation Flag. The colorful emblem depicts the topography of the Navajo reservation represented in copper. In addition, the flag features the native reservation border of 1868 presented in a dark brown color. Still, the flag bears a quad composure of the sacred mountains at their cardinal directions while an enveloping rainbow illustrates the sovereignty of the Navajo nation (Parry, 2011). The solar captured above two animals and cornstalks depict the Navajo indigenous economy. Moreover, an oil derrick featured between a modern house and a Hogan is indicative of another feature of their economy.          In conclusion, cultural geography as a branch of human geography postulates the In Human Geography the interactions and patterns between human culture and the natural environment. This involves the study of the material and non-material associations between the external environment and the people who live in that environment, that is the human-structured space. Culture geography manifests acutely in the Navajo nation. It trails the Navajo tribe explaining their stoic existence, burgeoning and inflationing population amidst occasions that threaten their cultural identity (Parry, 2011). This native community has managed to survive primarily because it practiced flexibility in its culture. The community adopted new elements and practices into its way of life, enriching, safeguarding and advancing its culture and vitality. The Navajo reservation topography has shied potential threats and invasions keeping and retaining the tribe’s identity. References Cosgrove, D. E., Daniels, S. (1994-1988). The Iconography of landscape: essays on the symbolic representation, design, and use of past environments. Cambridge [England: Cambridge University Press. Goode, S. (2002, October 29). Powwow Blends Sacred and Secular: Thousands Attended the First Powwow on the National Mall to Celebrate the National Museum of the American Indian and to Immerse Themselves in Cultural Traditions. (Nation: American Indian Culture). Insight on the News, 8, 13-22. Jackson, J. (1982). Navajo Architecture: Forms, History, Distributions And , (Tucson: University Of Arizona Press, 1981. Pp. Xx+289. $37a50 And $14a95 Softback). Journal of Historical Geography, 8(4), 428-429. Jett, S. C. (1992). An Introduction To Navajo Sacred Places. Journal of Cultural Geography, 13(1), 29-39. Jones, L. (2012). Geography and memory: explorations in identity, place and becoming. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan. Parry, W. (2011, November 17). Tribal Fates: Why the Navajo Have Succeeded. LiveScience.com. Retrieved November 30, 2013, from http://www.livescience.com/17086-navajo-tribal-fate-jared-diamond.html Source document